This study investigates the relationship between consumer debt and aggregate economic activity based on time series methods and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Quarterly US data, measured over the period 1980 to 2003, on consumer debt, gross domestic product (GDP), interest rates, housing starts,...

The effects of Japanese yen's depreciation on Chinese exports in 2002 (only considering the exports of the Mainland of China) are analysed. An AR(2) valuation function for the Chinese exports is constructed. The results on sensitivity tests show that the depreciation of Japanese yen would not...

Cuddington and World Bank-method are modified with trade credits and trade misinvoicing to estimate the short-term and total capital flight (CF) from China. Trade Misinvoicing are adjusted with the transit trade through Hong Kong. It is shown that the short-term is the main component of the CFs...

Bid criteria are of prime importance to bidders because they are the basis for the bidders to select bid price or bid mark-up. This article presents the alternative expressions of the bid criteria of the conditional negative and positive profit ratios proposed by Seydel and Olson (1990) and Lai...