This article presents an empirical methodology that allows one to identify the group being discriminated against by sport referees. Reestimating Price and Wolfers (2010, PW) discrimination in foul-calling analysis with our methodology, we find evidence that only black players are discriminated...

Previous professional sports discrimination studies rely heavily on aggregated data to the game level and therefore do not control for unobservable within game heterogeneity. This article uses an established testing methodology for assessing discrimination among professional sports adjudicators...

This article examines a key congressional vote on preserving baseball's antitrust exemption. It finds that the most important factor influencing a legislator's vote was whether there was a Major League Baseball (MLB) team in the legislator's constituency. This supports the notion that the...