As one of the three high-energy consumption sectors (industry, building, and transportation) in China, the transport sector faced a devastating resource and environment challenge. The transport sector was reportedly responsible for about 15.9% of the country’s total final energy consumption in...

Energy end-use for all sectors (commercial, residential, transport, industrial) in Hong Kong shows that the residential share increased from 14.2% in 1990 to 18.1% in 2007, such share increase has prompted the authors to analyze the issue. The Divisia decomposition analysis is used to evaluate...

Benchmarking systems from a sample of reference buildings need to be developed to conduct benchmarking processes for the energy efficiency of commercial buildings. However, not all benchmarking systems can be adopted by public users (i.e., other non-reference building owners) because of the...

The energy process model with geometric distributed lag (GDL) demand, called the energy GDL process model, often distinguishes several regions. This paper presents a new decomposition approach, based on the Dantzig-Wolfe principle, to decompose such a model by region in order to provide a more...

This paper is to review what kinds of mathematical methods used in developing benchmarking systems, to discuss the properties of the methods, and to classify two kinds of benchmarking systems based on their properties. We find that while benchmarking systems are developed by using the energy-use...

Benchmarking energy-efficiency is an important tool to promote the efficient use of energy in commercial buildings. Benchmarking models are mostly constructed in a simple benchmark table (percentile table) of energy use, which is normalized with floor area and temperature. This paper describes a...