It is important for an architect or a construction manager to easily and accurately estimate the heating and cooling demand of a residential building with a different envelope design in the early design phase. To achieve this objective, this study aimed to develop a nine-node-based Lagrangian...

A multilateral effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been implemented around the world. In particular, the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) emerged as a market-based approach used to control GHG emissions by providing carbon credits (or allowances). One of the most controversial...

Building envelope design is considered one of the typical energy-saving techniques. Building envelope serves as the physical separator between building’s interior and exterior environment so as to maintain indoor thermal comfort. To achieve building sustainability, this research aims to...

The fuel-cell-based combined heat and power system (FCCHPS) is attracting attention as a new/renewable energy system with great potential for coping with climate change. However, a FCCHPS has not been actively applied to building sector in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a...

New Renewable Energy (NRE) has attracted considerable attention as a future energy source that might be a significant factor in establishing a sustainable energy supply system. This issue is becoming increasingly important due to the instability of oil prices and the issues surrounding climate...