Recent developments on sulphur specifications in middle distillate fuels are exerting a higher demand on refinery hydrogen systems. Previous methodologies on hydrogen network optimisation have been developed mainly based on the assumption of fixed hydroprocessing performance with constant...

To reduce emissions in the process industry, much emphasis has been put on making step changes in emission reduction, by developing new process technology and making renewable energy more affordable. However, the energy saving potential of existing systems cannot be simply ignored. In recent...

This study examines and decomposes dynamic changes in total factor carbon emissions performance within the transportation sector in China, incorporating the impact of regional heterogeneity. For this purpose, we combine the metafrontier approach with the non-radial Luenberger productivity...

This paper uses nonparametric efficiency analysis technique to estimate the energy efficiency, potential emission reductions and marginal abatement costs of energy-related CO2 emissions in China. We employ a non-radial slacks-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for estimating the...