In some thermal networks like district energy systems, there can exist conditions, depending on space availability, economics, project requirements, insulation, storing media type and other issues, for which it may be advantageous to utilize several thermal energy storages (TESs) instead of one....

Integrated photovoltaic–thermal solar collectors have become of great interest in the solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) research communities. Solar thermal systems and solar PV systems have each advanced markedly, and combining the two technologies provides the opportunity for increased...

Heating is a major requirement in many regions, and growing energy demands and pollutant emissions have allowed unconventional heating technologies to be considered, including geothermal. Geothermal heat pumps are reviewed, including heat pump technology, earth connections, current world status...

District energy systems are reviewed and possible future enhancements involving expanded thermal networks are considered. Various definitions, classifications and applications of district cooling and heating are discussed and elements of a district energy system are described. Also, the...

Thermal energy storage (TES) is an important technology for achieving more efficient and environmentally benign energy systems. Thermochemical TES is a type of TES with the potential for high energy density and is only recently being considered intensively. To improve understanding of...

Energy equilibrium models can be valuable aids in energy planning and decision-making. In such models, supply is represented by a cost-minimizing linear submodel and demand by a smooth vector-valued function of prices. In this paper, we use the energy equilibrium model to study conventional...

There is an intimate connection between energy, the environment and sustainable development. A society seeking sustainable development ideally must utilize only energy resources which cause no environmental impact (e.g. which release no emissions to the environment). However, since all energy...