Variable valve-timing and lift are significant operating and design parameters affecting the performance and emissions in spark-ignition (SI) engines. Previous investigations have demonstrated that improvements in engine performance can be accomplished if the valve timing is variable....

Pollutant exhaust emissions, particularly NOx, produced by diesel engines must be reduced to limit values defined by the environmental regulations as the emissions have many harmful influences on the environment. Recently, the application of the Miller cycle into the internal combustion engines...