A Burkholderia lipase was immobilized on celite grafted with long alkyl groups. The immobilized lipase-catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) follows the Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism. The external mass transfer and enzymatic reaction that simultaneously occurred in...

Biodiesel is a promising substitute for petroleum diesel, and has been commercialized and utilized in many countries. Conventional chemical or physical methods used for biodiesel production face the drawbacks of high energy consumption or intensive use of chemicals. In contrast, using...

Biobutanol production from cellulosic feedstock is considered promising and economically feasible. A highly efficient butanol-producing bacterial microflora (containing mainly Clostridial species) was obtained from hydrogen-producing sewage sludge. In this work, two types of agricultural waste...

Bioethanol converted from lignocellulosic feedstock, such as agricultural waste, is considered one of the most promising biofuels being developed. The raw materials usually need to be pretreated and hydrolyzed by cellulolytic enzymes to produce sugars for subsequent ethanol fermentation....