Heat integration is a key measure to improving energy efficiency and maximising heat recovery. Since the advent of Pinch analysis in the 1980s, direct and indirect integration approaches have developed in separate domains with very few examples where both approaches are utilised together to...

The heat transfer of air-water-vapour mixtures in a desalination plant, using the aero-evapo-condensation process, has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The present unit consists of a falling-film evaporator and condenser, made of polypropylene. It was designed to work at low...