In March 2011, China’s central government set a new challenging target of reducing its energy intensity by 16% during 2011–2015, after it had achieved a reduction of 19.1% during 2006–2010. And this new target was assigned to provincial authorities in August 2011. However, China’s...

A case study of total process energy-integration in a commercial ammonia plant was performed using a modified pinch analysis. Several tools, including Grid Diagram, Composite Curve (CC), Grand Composite Curve (GCC), Balanced Grand Composite Curve (BGCC) and Splitting Grand Composite Curve...