If Y = (Y 1,…,Y N) are the log-returns of an asset on succeeding days, then under the assumptions of the Black-Scholes option pricing formula, these are independent normal random variables with common mean and variance in the risk-neutral measure. If we can show empirically that Y does not...

This study introduces GARCH models with cross-sectional market volatility, which are called GARCHX models. The cross-sectional market volatility is a special case of common heteroscedasticity in asset specific returns, which is suggested by Connor and Linton (2001) as an important component in...

This article investigates the modelling of style returns in the United States and the returns to style 'tilts' based on forecasts of enhanced future style returns. We use hidden Markov model to build our forecasts for data from 1975 to 1998. We do not include more recent observations as the...

This study investigates the effects of the market portfolio being unknown on the estimation of beta in the CAPM. Providing an analysis of the impact of using a proxy for the market portfolio when the market portfolio is known. This allows one to ask and answer 'if what' questions, such as if...