Understanding why healthcare costs vary between patients and between health facilities is important in guiding health policy decisions as well as in research. However, there is no comprehensive framework that analysts commonly use for expressing and examining causes of cost variation in the...

Objective: A comparison of the implications of the application of the principles of equity and efficiency as two desirable but competing attributes of the organ allocation system. Efficiency is defined in economic terms as the standard cost per QALY model and equity considerations are included...