example, report contradictory effects of education and compulsory schooling on mortality - ranging from zero to large … mortality reductions. Using data from 19 compulsory schooling reforms implemented in Europe during the twentieth century, we … quantify the mean mortality effect and explore its dispersion across gender, time and countries. We find that men benefit from …

that mortality rises with age and a large share of HCE is caused by proximity to death. This hypothesis has spurned a large …

Mortality and economic contraction during the 1918-1920 Great Influenza Epidemic provide plausible upper bounds for …