individuals maximize wealth. The logic of the analysis proceeds as follows: First, a model is constructed that allows estimation …

Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992–2002, we assess whether family …. Evidence supports that this is a causal effect of the post-natal environment; family disadvantage is unrelated to the gender … gap in neonatal health. We conclude that the gender gap among black children is larger than among white children in …

The stylized fact that individuals who come from families with more children are disadvantaged in the schooling process … children's educational achievement might be spurious. We extend these recent analyses of spuriousness versus causality using a … sibship size on children's private school attendance and on their likelihood of being held back in school. Specifically, we …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is … number of children and investments in education and health of their children. To address the endogeneity due to the joint … plausibly random. Given a strong son-preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the first born is a girl. Our IV …

emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter … such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in … later-born children. Taken together, these patterns are consistent with a reputation model of strategic parenting …

classes within schools. We argue that classes within primary schools are formed roughly randomly with respect to family …