The worldwide economic recession demonstrates: innovations are needed to increase productivity and competitivity of enterprises, especially of subcontracting companies. The paper compares the subcontracting business at a boom- and recession-phase, mainly in Japan and Germany. For Japan the...

Cooperation of universities is increasingly needed in order to educate productive and team-oriented young scholars at Western and Far Eastern Universities. The article refers to the historical background of international university-cooperation in Japan and Germany. The tendency from lagging or...