Factors determining United States’ trade balance with Italy (NE) are examined, and tests for long run relationships performed. Results suggest the main determinant of NE is the output ratio, followed by the price ratio, real exchange rate, lending rate ratio, and the money supply ratio, which...

This paper reassesses the dynamic links between trade and growth in India during the post-independence period. The main result is a short-run bi-directional relationship between exports and output growth. This finding is supported both by standard Granger causality tests, and by an alternative...

This paper is an analysis of trade policies in Mexico. A structural analysis of theMexican economy's performance in three successive but different periods, regardingtrade policies for the last thirty-five years is presented. Results are confronted with expectations from various trade policies....

Trade liberalisation in Mexico started in a significant way in 1985/86, and was consolidated by the NAFTA agreement 1994. Mexico was expected to benefit in terms of increased export growth, employment, real wages, and above all, a faster rate of economic growth. In practice, there has been a...

The Middle East has one of the highest ratios of exports to GDP in the world, yetintra-regional trade level is one of the lowest. Intra-Middle Eastern trade is examined in detail to assess the reasons for the low level of regional trade and to recommend policies for promoting trade within the area.

This study surveys U.S. manufacturing intra-industry trade with 12 countries along the Asian Pacific Rim during the period 1990-2003. While the U.S. total trade with China grew by 802% surpassing the rest of APR countries, we see a negative growth of 1.64% in manufacturing intra-industry trade....