The Balassa-Samuelson effect is usually seen as the prime explanation of the continuous real appreciation of central and east European (CEE) transition countries' currencies against their western counterparts.The response of a small country's real exchange rate to various shocks is derived in a...

We apply BEER and PEER approaches to calculate real equilibrium exchange rates for five EU accession countries in central and east Europe.Bilateral nominal equilibrium exchange rates against the euro are obtained through algebraic transformation of the results. Panel cointegration techniques are...

The analysis of external economic relations of Russia reveals a paradox: while Europe is the main trade and direct investment partner of Russia, this is far from being the case concerning its currency s role in Russia's financial activities.The dollar is much preferred by economic agents for...

Currency substitution, the use of foreign money to finance transactions between domestic residents, is a common feature of emerging market economies.Currency substitution reduces the stability of money demand functions in ways that can seriously undermine central bank credibility and its efforts...

We assess the determinants of equilibrium real exchange rates in a sample of oil-dependent countries.Our basic data cover OPEC countries from 1975 to 2005.We also include three oil-producing Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries in our robustness analysis.Utilising several...

We employ Bayesian method to estimate a time-varying coefficient version of the de facto currency basket model of Frankel and Wei (2007) for the RMB of China, using daily data from February 2005 to July 2011. We estimate jointly the implicit time-varying weights of all 11 currencies in the...