This paper studies various approaches to the equilibrium real effective exchange rate estimation, including structural and direct estimation approaches. It shows their strengths and weaknesses with application to the case of Latvia. Despite the approaches differing considerably in terms of their...

This paper studies various approaches to the equilibrium real effective exchange rate estimation, including structural and direct estimation approaches. It shows their strengths and weaknesses with application to the case of Latvia. Despite the approaches differing considerably in terms of their...

The paper studies the indirect impact of fiscal policy on prices. Exploring VAR in two variables, primary balance ratio to GDP and public debt ratio to GDP, and calculating the impulse response functions to innovations in the former variable, it supposes an evidence of the exogeneity of Latvian...