The Spanish growth experience over the 1995-2007 period was characterized by the remarkable surge in employment and investment as well as the dismal evolution of productivity. These macroeconomic fluctuations were coupled with an unprecedented credit boom fueled by a housing bubble. This article...

Spanish Abstract: El año 2020 se caracterizó por unas dinámicas de migración neta en España que desembocaron en un aumento de la población rural en detrimento de la población urbana, rompiendo la tendencia secular hacia una mayor urbanización vigente desde mediados del siglo pasado. De...

The COVID-19 shock impacted firms severely all over the world. Governments were swift to implement policy measures to aid these firms, but these are coming to an end in the midst of a highly uncertain macroeconomic environment as a result of the war in Ukraine and the surge in energy prices. In...

This paper presents an estimate of the Spanish economy's potential growth. This estimate is based on a production function methodology that includes certain refinements on previous versions and generates less procyclical potential output growth estimates than those traditionally considered in...

This document analyses real-time revisions in output gap estimates published by the European Commission for 15 countries over the period 2002-2014. We find that output gap revisions (both in levels and changes) are mainly driven by GDP growth forecast errors. Also, output gap revisions have...

Estimating the role of the business cycle on the General Government budget balance plays a key role on the real-time analysis of fiscal policy, especially under the Stability and Growth Pact framework. This paper studies, for a group of EU countries and the United Kingdom, the revisions in the...

Spanish abstract: En España, la fracción de la población residente en zonas urbanas ha aumentado desde el 65% hasta más del 87% en el período 1950-2018. Este incremento fue especialmente intenso hasta el final de la década de los setenta, durante el período que, en ocasiones, se denomina...

The containment of health care expenditure is one of the major challenges facing public policymakers in the developed countries. This paper provides evidence of significant differences in the cross-country level of efficiency of health care expenditure, meaning that potential cost savings for...

Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public...

English abstract: This paper explores the differences in accessibility to services between rural and urban areas in EU countries. According to our analysis, rural areas in Spain have worse accessibility to services than their European counterparts, while the differences are not significant in...