Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit –asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing–are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics and bank lending...

We examine gender differences in career progression and promotions in central banking, a stereotypical male-dominated occupation, using confidential anonymized personnel data from the European Central Bank (ECB) during the period 2003-2017. A wage gap emerges between men and women within a few...

This paper shows that private incentives influence the allocation of public guaranteed lending (PGL), resulting in weaker banks shifting riskier corporate loans’ risk to taxpayers. We exploit data from the Banco de España’s Central Credit Register during the COVID-19 shock in Spain, and a...