Extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) are frequently documented in songbirds; however, the extent to which this reproductive tactic contributes to variance in male reproductive success and hence the strength of sexual selection on males remains little studied. Using 2 approaches, intraspecific and...

The efficiency of communication depends on the ability of conspecifics to recognize and locate each other, and the environment can impose important limitations on reliability of transmitted and received information. In contrast to the 3D space of airborne sound communication, substrate-borne...

The prevalent, and so far most explored, host defense against brood parasitism is egg discrimination. Not only do the hosts differ markedly in their propensity to reject parasitic eggs but rejecters even vary in their egg rejection times. The focus of the present study was to investigate factors...