This paper develops a theoretical model which explains several stylized facts observed in the euro area interbank market after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. The model shows that if transaction costs are high, banks with a liquidity deficit will prefer to borrow liquidity from the...

This paper shows that remunerating required reserves can increase the flexibility of monetary policy. The remuneration at the current repo rate implies constant net marginal interest costs of holding required reserves. This allows the central bank also to change the rate also within a reserve...

This paper provides a first preliminary assessment of the recent two 3-year long-term refinancing operations (3Y LTROs) conducted by the ECB by putting them into a broader context. The perspective taken is that prevailing in the first half of the year 2012, directly after the path-breaking ECB...