Outcome-dependent sampling designs have been shown to be a cost-effective way to enhance study efficiency. We show that the outcome-dependent sampling design with a continuous outcome can be viewed as an extension of the two-stage case-control designs to the continuous-outcome case. We further...

In single hypothesis testing, power is a nondecreasing function of Type I error rate; hence it is desirable to test at the nominal level exactly to achieve optimal power. The optimal power puzzle arises from the fact that for multiple testing under the false discovery rate paradigm, such a...