In recent years, alongside democratic backsliding and security threats, censorship is increasingly used by governments and other societal actors to control the media. Who is likely to be affected by censorship and why? Does censorship as a form of punishment coexist with or act as a substitute...

The paper presents a survey of the main theoretical schools approaching the determination of income distribution profiles. Since Adam Smith, classical political economy had its focus on the relations between functional income distribution and the development process, proposing that growth could...