Using country panel data of student achievement from PISA, 2003-2012 combined with national-level teacher salary data … teacher salaries affect student performance in the European countries. Our results show that there are marked differences … between subjects and by the experience of teachers. Higher statutory teacher salaries and larger growth of teacher salaries at …

This paper examines the effect of teacher gender on student achievement in 20 European countries. We employ a student … fixed effect approach to account for unobservable subject-invariant student ability and non-random student-teacher sorting … selection into the teaching profession, as it is stronger in countries where the teacher wages relative to graduate wages are …