According to the author, although quickening growth in 1983 and 1984 had suggested a rapid recovery from the recession of the previous year, the Indonesian economy has now clearly run out of steam. The further decline in oil export revenues - the main reason for the sudden collapse of economic...

At least until the 1920s East Java's industrial structure was more broadly based than that of Jakarta. After the 1920s, however, East Java's plantation based export economy went into long-term decline and the infant manufacturing sector was dragged down with it. Now until the late 1980s did East...

The restoration of democracy since 1998 has been accompanied by a revival of economic nationalism in Indonesia. This can be seen clearly in the field of shipping and ports. In the 1980s the government deregulated the highly protected and inefficient shipping industry to facilitate a non-oil...