higher wages are associated with higher job satisfaction and higher job anxiety. However, we observe a positive association … between higher wages and non-pecuniary job satisfaction, which disappears with the inclusion of our effort measures. Thus high … effort levels provide high levels of non-pecuniary job satisfaction and higher wages, in contrast to what compensating wage …

levels, which suggests these pay methods provide utility to workers in addition to that through higher wages. These findings …

Using nationally representative survey data for Finnish employees linked to register data on their wages and work …