externalities and their impact on regional innovation. We examine MSA-level patent data during the period 1975-2000 and find that … innovation output is higher in regions where large and small firms coexist. The finding is robust to across-region as well as …

We study the interplay between transportation infrastructure, knowledge flows, and innovation. Exploiting historical … variation, we estimate the effect of U.S. interstate highways on regional innovation. We find that a 10% increase in a region …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy … therefore can generate the right innovation incentives. …

This paper provides an update of the NESTA Innovation Index and tries to calculate some facts for the 'knowledge …

We (a) propose an implementable innovation index, (b) relate it to existing innovation definitions and (c) show whole …-economy and industry-specific results for the UK market sector, 2000-2005. Our innovation measure starts by observing that we … could get more GDP without innovation by simply duplicating existing physical capital and labour (e.g. adding a second …

We study how the market for innovation affects enforcement of patent rights. Conventional wisdom associates the gains … potential gains from trade are more likely to change ownership, suggesting that the market for innovation is efficient. We also …