extent to which these stylised facts are due to policies and institutions, discrimination, to other unobservable factors, or …

While researchers have long held that discrimination cannot endure in an increasingly competitive environment, there … competition resulting from globalization in the 1980s forced employers to reduce costly discrimination against women. The … gap: because concentrated industries face little competitive pressure to reduce discrimination, an increase in competition …

productivity constant. We analyse close to 200 papers to investigate what drives authors to talk about ‘discrimination’, whether …

; the inner nature of discrimination, negative attitudes and internal barriers; as well as the ethnic minorities’ desires …