by international trade linkages than to countries in similar macroeconomic circumstances. …

business cycles are correlated with those of the other countries. But international trade patterns and international business …, inter alia, the intensity or trade with other potential members of the currency union, and the extent to which domestic … close trade links tend to have more tightly correlated business cycles. It follows that countries are more likely to satisfy …

Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model. Our analysis is conducted on a cross-section of 85 countries; we focus on international linkages … are both national (such as equity market run-ups that preceded the crisis) and, critically, international financial and … number of possible causes in a flexible statistical framework, we are unable to find strong evidence that international …

Current orthodoxy suggests that the Industrial Revolution began in Europe because European institutions promoted … comparatively high levels of market efficiency. This Paper compares the actual efficiency of markets in Europe and China, two … include: first, the efficiency of markets in China and Europe was comparable in the late 18th century, except perhaps for …

Productivity is high in cities partly because the urban environment acts as a self-selection mechanism. If workers have … imperfect information about the quality of workers with whom they match and matches take place within cities, then high …-ability workers will choose to live and work in expensive cities. This self-selection improves the quality of matches in such cities …

our approach at the city-level using US Census data on individuals in 173 cities for 1970, 1980, and 1990. Estimation …

occupations are also a fundamental, but overlooked, driver of innovation. Theory also suggests cities are important for both … creative industries and occupations, with urban environments helping firms innovate. Yet little empirical work has considered … the links between creative industries, occupations, cities and innovation at the firm level. This paper addresses this gap …

Creative cities are seen as important sites for the generation of new ideas, products and processes. Yet, beyond case … studies of a few high-profile cities, there is little empirical evidence on the link between local creative industries … exclusive to creative industries firms and seems to be largely due to firms in medium sized, rather than large, cities. The …

-OECD countries. We show that most cities are highly fragmented: urban areas with more than 500,000 inhabitants are divided into74 …Most cities enjoy some autonomy over how they tax their residents, and that autonomy is typically exercised by multiple … review the literature on a number of salient features affecting local tax setting in an urban context. Urban local …