monetary policy. Third, the size of US financial shocks varies strongly over time, with the `global financial crisis shock …

This paper constructs a simple model of the steel sector in Europe distinguishing eight West and two East European … regions. It models the production of steel and also the various trade restrictions extant in 1992. It uses this model first to … Europe Agreements. The latter allow major increases in output in the East (18%) and offer Western steel users significant …

developed countries (LDCs), both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs … the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs and a 50 cut in domestic support for LDCs as compared to non-LDC developing …

distinguish between productivity gains arising from lower tariffs on final goods relative to those on intermediate inputs. Lower … output tariffs can produce productivity gains by inducing tougher import competition whereas cheaper imported inputs can … tariffs. A 10 percentage point fall in output tariffs increases productivity by about 1%, whereas an equivalent fall in input …

Notwithstanding the tariffication component of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, import tariffs on farm …