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democracy disappears once including country fixed effects. This paper tests the hypothesis that the effect of income on … democracy might differ systematically across countries. A replication of the estimation in a less restrictive empirical … framework provides evidence for significant but heterogeneous effects of income on democracy for former colonies and non …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011083424
capita income causes the creation and the consolidation of democracy. We argue that existing studies find support for this … affect both the level of income per capita and the likelihood of democracy in a country, and failing to control for these … factors may introduce a spurious relationship between income and democracy. We show that controlling for these historical …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005661513
causes democracy. Existing studies establish a strong cross-country correlation between income and democracy, but do not … country fixed effects removes the statistical association between income per capita and various measures of democracy. We also … on democracy. Furthermore, we reconcile the positive cross-country correlation between income and democracy with the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005666490
Is social capital long lasting? Does it affect long term economic performance? To answer these questions we test Putnam’s conjecture that today marked differences in social capital between the North and South of Italy were due to the culture of independence fostered by the free city-states...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005789085
relatively stable democracy to autocracy and 6 episodes of small improvements in representative institutions. We also classify … prerequisites for democracy in these countries that enter the Third Wave as non-democracies. Examining initially autocratic … democratic) and reverse causality (democracy can be both a cause and a consequence of wealth, for example). Our estimates reveal …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005114314
distributed unequally and institutions do not ensure political commitments. The results imply that for any level of development … there exists a distribution of resources such that democracy emerges in equilibrium, but there are distributions of … resources for which democracy is infeasible in equilibrium irrespective of the level of development. The model also delivers …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009493564
This study investigates the effects of introducing elections on public goods and redistribution in rural China. We collect a large and unique survey to document the history of political reforms and economic policies and exploit the staggered timing of the introduction of elections for causal...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011083270
? Peru has the full set of democratic institutions. In the 1990s, the secret-police chief Montesinos systematically …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005791801
evaluate separately the impact of political institutions linked to democracy and suffrage and of those institutions more … a major role in the determination of this historical event, but that the quality of institutions also mattered. We … find that both sets of institutions contributed to this event, even after controlling for their potential endogeneity …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005124196
We use unique survey data to study whether the introduction of local elections in China made local leaders more accountable towards local constituents. We develop a simple model to predict the effects on different policies of increasing local leader accountability, taking into account that there...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009001062