Mobility is a driving force in the labor market. It is especially crucial as higher education is concerned as it enlarges the opportunities of students and graduates or skilled workers, respectively, and affects the returns to their investment in education. Mobile students and graduates react to...

Most European countries have set up a mandatory unfunded pension scheme, often called first pillar, financed through contributions levied on wages. Although this common characteristic is crucial, the systems significantly differ in many aspects. Most importantly they differ in the level of the...