This paper establishes new evidence on the cyclical behaviour of household income risk in Great Britain and assesses … the role of social insurance policy in mitigating against this risk. We address these issues using the British Household …. We then estimate how income risk, measured by the variance and the skewness of the probability distribution of shocks to …

The risk of recurrent outbreaks following the main waves of a pandemic has been acknowledged. We provide evidence of … the scale and duration of this outbreak risk. We compile municipal public health records and use national data to model … eight major UK cities, we find elevated mortality risk that persists for nearly two decades. The generality of the findings …

smoothing and precautionary behaviour associated with the main pandemic waves and recurrent outbreak risk in a model in which … health and wealth are jointly determined under income and health risk that are related to disease outbreak risk. We calibrate … the model to the UK and find that the impact shock of COVID-19 and recurrent outbreak risk amplify existing inequalities …