This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …

This paper examines how trade liberalization affects the innovation incentives of firms, and what this implies for …

This article tests the effects of fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards on the direction of innovation, in … for the years 2000-2016. Our results indicate that standards are a very robust driver inducing clean innovation, whereas … negatively impact dirty innovation. …

, we empirically analyze the determinants of innovation in electricity generation, and the role of storage in directing … innovation. Our results show that electricity storage increases innovation not only in renewables but also in conventional … technologies. This implies that efforts to increase innovation in storage can benefit conventional, fossil fuel-fired electricity …

improvements in resource substitutes accelerate resource extraction. Sector-specific innovation activities are tantamount to …