maximizes welfare across demographic groups depends on the fertility rate in the economy. Policies chosen when all demographic … excludes children from the electorate, when the fertility rate is low, and Pareto-reducing when the fertility rate is high … to retirees in the economy. Public investment in child care can change the fertility rate and shift the economy toward a …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare …

the fertility and marital behavior in Germany, until recently a lowest-low fertility setting. We find that exposure to … greater import competition from Eastern Europe led to worse labor market outcomes and lower fertility rates. In contrast …, workers in industries that benefited from increased exports had better employment prospects and higher fertility. These …

the fertility technology. On the opposite, ex post egalitarianism always recommends marginal taxation. …

endogenous fertility that address the problem of fiscal redistribution between young and old cohorts in the presence of an aging …

administrative vital statistics, we find that birth control clinics accounted for 5.0–7.8% of the overall fertility decline until …

evidence that import com-petition affected fertility decisions. The results highlight the role of gains from joint consumption …

This chapter reviews the literature on the causal effects of policies on fertility. It focuses on evidence from … experiments and quasi-experiments in low fertility contexts, including studies from Europe, Northern America, Oceania and Asia … insurance, and financial incentives such as child transfers. Childcare expansions increase completed fertility. Financial …