This chapter reviews the literature on the causal effects of policies on fertility. It focuses on evidence from … experiments and quasi-experiments in low fertility contexts, including studies from Europe, Northern America, Oceania and Asia … insurance, and financial incentives such as child transfers. Childcare expansions increase completed fertility. Financial …

-as-you-go pension system. Family allowances are compared to introducing a fertility-related component into the pension formula. In an …

This paper presents novel causal evidence on the effects of pro-natalist cash transfers on fertility, sex ratio at … total fertility rate in 2015 would have been 4.7% lower without the cash transfers. Surprisingly, the cash transfers had an …

human capital. In a framework with heterogeneity in productivity, and stochastic and endogenous investment in fertility and … displays both a benefit contingent on the contributions of children and a purely fertility-related component. …

This paper examines the causal effects of a major change in the German parental leave benefits on fertility. I use the …

To assess whether earnings-dependent maternity leave positively impacts fertility and narrows the baby gap between high … fertility up to 5 years post reform. In addition to demonstrating an up to 22% increase in the fertility of tertiary educated … versus low educated women, I find a positive, statistically significant effect of increased benefits on fertility, driven …

Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered … which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our theoretical framework highlights that the effect of a public pension … system on fertility works via the impact of contributions in such a system on disposable income as well as via the impact on …