international conflict. In this paper, we investigate whether this motive is sufficiently important for war to persist in … Immanuel Kant (1795, 1991) always exists. The reason is that in the absence of the threat of war, leaders are unable to divert … exist with a positive war frequency. Third, if multiple equilibria exist, the perpetual peace equilibrium may be unstable in …

income. We explain this process of democratization as a rational way for incumbent elites to wage war effectively on other …

Dismissal disputes occur mostly in recessions and often lead to long and costly contract termination procedures. This …-specific legislation. Detailed information from a sample of 2,191 disputes that occurred in the Netherlands between 2006 and 2009 is used …

quo without arming (or unarmed peace) and open conflict (or war) that is possibly destructive. With a focus on outcomes … that are immune to both unilateral deviations and coalitional deviations, we find that, depending on war’s destructive …, but only when the configuration of parameters describing the degree of output security and the degree of war’s destruction …

framework where populations fight over borders and resources, and may form non-aggression pacts, military alliances, and …

domestic economy, e.g. on investments, credit, and inflation. Fifth, the economics of war, in particular research on trade and … war and on military production. As geopolitical tensions grow, we expect the field to grow substantially in the coming …