to fight the disease. However, high vaccine prices enforced through patent protection are limiting vaccine expansion …, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By limiting market power, patent buyouts could reduce vaccine prices and raise … HPV vaccination rates while keeping innovation incentives. We estimate the global patent buyout price as the present …

experiment from Norway, which in 2003 introduced a reference price (RP) system called "index pricing" for a sub-sample of off-patent … pharmaceuticals, replacing the existing price cap (PC) regulation. We estimate the effect of the reform using a product level panel … regulation in lowering drug prices, while the cross-price effect raises a concern about patent protection …

pricing system was changed in 2011 in order to tie prices more to the benefits of the pharmaceuticals. A multiple linear … regression of 187 pharmaceuticals which were assessed from 2011 to 2017 suggests that, despite the change, the manufacturers …

patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office merged with data from … for confounding factors. The first patent application by a young firm is associated with significant growth in employment … three years ahead of the first patent application. However, we find no evidence of additional firm growth after patent …