identification, I use historical shifts in the school year schedule in Germany, which substantially shortened the duration of the … affected school years with no adjustments in the core curriculum. The lost in-school instruction was mainly compensated for by …

) of Norwegian schools, where between-school differences are smaller than in the US. I find that VA indicators are able to … predict in-school performance without bias. Furthermore, VA is strongly related to long-term outcomes, and differences between … differences in school quality, rather than unobserved student characteristics. Analyses of teacher grades and exam scores suggest …

This paper estimates the causal effect of the wage on the recruitment rate at the establishment level. During the 1990s … schools with severe recruitment problems in the past and located in one specific region. The empirical approach exploits … within-school variation in wage premium eligibility and that teacher supply is observed at these schools with excess demand …

We ran a field experiment at a large Dutch school for intermediate vocational education to examine whether the response …