and scholars that the declines in state support have reduced the return to education investment for public sector students … four-year students, and we analyze individuals into their mid-30s. For four-year students, we find that state appropriation … adverse debt outcomes, and these students experience substantial increases in their credit score and in the affluence of the …

track students. However, there are concerns that the most frequently used college placement exams lack validity and … reliability, and unnecessarily place students from under-represented groups into remedial courses. While recent research has shown … that tracking can have positive effects on student learning, inaccurate placement has consequences: students face …

foreseen by previous enrollment choices. This paper shows that in educational opportunities and groups of students where …

existing mean-based tests. Beliefs about future income are found to become more accurate as students progress through school …

This paper studies how a student’s ordinal rank in a peer group affects performance and specialisation choices in … university. By exploiting data with repeated random assignment of students to teaching sections, we find that a higher rank …: improvements in rank raise performance, while decreases in rank have no effect. Rank effects partially operate through students …

enrollment qualifications, and graduate earnings. We find for both that disadvantaged students match to lower quality degrees …

paper, we further explore the effectiveness of the lowest-ranked instructors: students. We confirm that students are almost … instructors. We conclude that hiring moderately more student instructors would not harm students, but exclusively using them will …

. This study estimates the effect of class size on academic performance of university students, distinguishing between STEM …,000 students and a total of more than 190,000 observations, spanning six cohorts of first-year undergraduate students across all … the effect along the dimensions of students' socio-economic status, ability, and gender, finding that in STEM disciplines …