This paper studies the effect of longer school days - induced by voluntary all-day programs in German primary schools … - on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students … with municipality-level information on all-day school investments. Facing the challenge of selection into all-day school …

We consider long-term impacts of establishing school psychology offices in Norway, which introduced ‘maturity testing …’ to advice parents and school boards on school starting age. In the early reform period, children born close to the … normative age cut-off who reached school-starting age after the establishment were more likely to finish compulsory schooling …

) of Norwegian schools, where between-school differences are smaller than in the US. I find that VA indicators are able to … predict in-school performance without bias. Furthermore, VA is strongly related to long-term outcomes, and differences between … differences in school quality, rather than unobserved student characteristics. Analyses of teacher grades and exam scores suggest …

middle school faced the longest closures. A structural model of human capital accumulation predicts that the US school …

argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in …

in immigrant families. Candidate mechanisms include improved classroom inputs and parental school choice …