change and the economy; and (iii) further explore “compound risk” scenarios in which climate risks co-occur with other risks … risk pricing in financial markets; and (iv) better understand and incorporate the process of expectations formation around …

Using Credit Default Swap spreads, we construct a forward-looking, market-implied carbon risk factor and show that … carbon risk affects firms’ credit spread. The effect is larger for European than North American firms and varies … to carbon risk when market-wide concern about climate change risk is elevated. Finally, lenders expect that adjustments …