, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Exploiting within-country variation, we show that a one …We explore the role of social capital in the spread of the recent Covid-19 pandemic in independent analyses for Austria …

spread of COVID-19 at the onset of the pandemic: While Denmark, Finland and Norway imposed strict measures (‘lockdowns …'), Sweden decided for much lighter restrictions. Empirically, we use novel administrative data on weekly new unemployment and … furlough spells from all 56 regions of the Nordic countries to compare the labor market outcomes of Sweden with the ones of its …

implications of countercyclical fiscal policy for France, Germany and the UK. The model incorporates real wage rigidity which is … government consumption or investment to react to the output gap or the public debt-to-output ratio. If the object of fiscal …

by relaxing it for temporary jobs. These countries are Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands …, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. The article explores the conditions of the reduction of employment protection and takes a closer …

—on investment in human capital. We assess both short-term and long-term effects for a broad set of educational margins, by comparing …

dropped on average by -55% in the US and -45% in Germany from the onset of the crisis to the summer of 2021. In the US …, schools were closed longer in richer than in poorer areas, while in Germany the regional variation is much smaller. However …, Germany exhibited substantial variation by grade level, with a strong U-shaped patterns that implies that children attending …

complementary investment in production activities. Our theoretical findings are motivated by existing empirical evidence and a fresh …

strong dampening impact on the effects of prices increases on investment. We also find strong and significant negative …