of punishment. This paper presents the first controlled experiment to study a third important factor that has been mainly …Economic theory suggests that the deterrence of deviant behavior is driven by a combination of severity and certainty … will be punished is dissolved and the timing at which the punishment is actually imposed, as well as the combination …

contributions mechanism with punishment (VCMP). We eliminate ‘dynamic economic linkages’ between the two stages of our ‘modified …’ VCMP to rule out other potential explanations. We use a beliefs-based model, rooted in psychological game theory, to derive …

Research examining the effect of weak punishment on conformity indicates that punishment can backfire and lead to … of social norms and their interplay with weak punishment in the context of a trust game. Across six conditions, we … systematically vary the combination of existence of weak punishment and norm information. Norm information may refer either to what …

a punishment regime, in which certain individuals are permitted, but not required, to have punishment directed toward … them. The punishment system can condition on type and contribution history. The results indicate that the most effective … regime, in terms of contributions and earnings, is one that allows punishment of low contributors only, regardless of …

keeping can(not) be observed. We identify the causal effects of transparency in a laboratory experiment. Transparency leads to …

, because the economics literature on group decision making has, so far, assumed homogeneity within groups. In a lab experiment …