reduces both moderate and extreme violence. The reason is that a high penalty keeps relatively 'gutless' individuals from … relatively 'tough' individuals to commit moderately violent acts and so makes moderate violence more attractive for otherwise …

Is unemployment the overwhelming determinant of domestic violence that many commentators expect it to be? The … abuse: an increase in male unemployment decreases the incidence of intimate partner violence, while an increase in female … unemployment increases domestic abuse. Combining data on intimate partner violence from the British Crime Survey with locally …