-of-return regulation is generally thought to result in over investment, while incentive regulation is believed to entail underinvestment …. Yet, previous empirical work has generally found that the introduction of incentive regulation has not systematically …-of-return regulation because investment decisions (what can be included in the rate base) are usually evaluated in a discretionary manner …

. More competition-friendly regulations, as measured by the OECDs' Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicator improve economic … businesses boost the capital stock and the employment rate. No robust link between labour market regulation and MFP and capital … deepening could be established. But looser labour market regulation is found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates …

focus on the new member countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Using an array of estimation methods, we show that the …