violence may erode community engagement with law enforcement and highlight the call-to-shot ratio as a natural measure of …

Domestic violence remains a major public policy concern despite two decades of policy intervention. To eliminate police … inaction in response to domestic violence, many states have passed mandatory arrest laws, which require the police to arrest … abusers when a domestic violence incident is reported. These laws were justified by a randomized experiment in Minnesota which …

marginal cost of violence always reduces violence, while increasing the indiscriminate fixed cost may backfire and result in …

This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by … soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic … violence increased dramatically during these periods …