violence may erode community engagement with law enforcement and highlight the call-to-shot ratio as a natural measure of …

Violence in and around schools has drawn increasing attention lately from both the public and policy makers. Despite … violence affects high school graduation, college attendance, and teacher pay. Using data from the High School and Beyond survey …, I find that local violence has important effects. Moderate levels of violence reduce the likelihood of high school …

Three quarters of American children have been exposed to neighborhood violence in their lifetimes. Most of the existing … research has concluded that exposure to violence leads to restricted emotional development, aggressive behavior and poor school … outcomes. However, this literature fails to account for the fact that children exposed to neighborhood violence are highly …

against women. We find that husband`s education lowers the probability of suffering physical, emotional and economic violence …. The only aspect of violence not affected by spouse's education is sexual violence. Schooling also lowers the likelihood … experienced domestic violence are more likely to suffer violence themselves …