marginal cost of violence always reduces violence, while increasing the indiscriminate fixed cost may backfire and result in …

Is unemployment the overwhelming determinant of domestic violence that many commentators expect it to be? The … abuse: an increase in male unemployment decreases the incidence of intimate partner violence, while an increase in female … unemployment increases domestic abuse. Combining data on intimate partner violence from the British Crime Survey with locally …

This paper isolates the causal effect of policing on group violence, using unique panel data on self-reported crime by … soccer and ice hockey hooligans. The problem of reverse causality from violence to policing is solved by two drastic … violence increased dramatically during these periods …